Chapter 2
Spending on higher education
as a percentage of GDP
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
by type, as a percentage of GDP
ICT investment
by asset, as a percentage of GDP
Funding of R&D in higher education
as a percentage of HERD
Basic research performed in the higher education and government sectors
as a percentage of domestic expenditures on basic research
Tertiary education graduates in natural sciences and engineering
as a percentage of all tertiary graduates
Graduates at doctorate level
by field of education, as a percentage of all graduates
New doctorates in natural sciences and engineering
Doctorate holders in the working age population
per thousand population aged 25-64
Employment rate of doctorate holders and other tertiary graduates
as a percentage of working-age individuals in the relevant attainment group, by gender
R&D personnel
per thousand employment
Researchers by sector of employment
as a percentage of total researchers, full-time equivalents
Female researchers by sector of employment
percentages, based on full-time equivalents
The quantity and quality of scientific production
Number of documents and percentage among world’s 10% most cited
Field specialisation in scientific publication output
relative activity indices, top two most specialised fields per country
Excellence rate for top-two scientific fields within countries
percentage of documents among 10% most cited
Organisational capital: employment and investment
as a percentage of total employed persons and of gross value added
Investment in organisational capital
by industry and firm size, as a percentage of value added in the industry
Investment in organisational capital
by industry, as a percentage of value added
Data Files